Current unwritten extent conversion state-machine is very fuzzy.
- For unknown reason it performs conversion under i_mutex. What for?
  My diagnosis:
  We already protect extent tree with i_data_sem, truncate and punch_hole
  should wait for DIO, so the only data we have to protect is end_io->flags
  modification, but only flush_completed_IO and end_io_work modified this
  flags and we can serialize them via i_completed_io_lock.

  Currently all these games with mutex_trylock result in the following deadlock
   truncate:                          kworker:
    ext4_setattr                       ext4_end_io_work
    mutex_lock(i_mutex)
    inode_dio_wait(inode)  ->BLOCK
                             DEADLOCK<- mutex_trylock()
                                        inode_dio_done()
  #TEST_CASE1_BEGIN
  MNT=/mnt_scrach
  unlink $MNT/file
  fallocate -l $((1024*1024*1024)) $MNT/file
  aio-stress -I 100000 -O -s 100m -n -t 1 -c 10 -o 2 -o 3 $MNT/file
  sleep 2
  truncate -s 0 $MNT/file
  #TEST_CASE1_END

Or use 286's xfstests https://github.com/dmonakhov/xfstests/blob/devel/286



This patch makes state machine simple and clean:

(1) xxx_end_io schedule final extent conversion simply by calling
    ext4_add_complete_io(), which append it to ei->i_completed_io_list
    NOTE1: because of (2A) work should be queued only if
    ->i_completed_io_list was empty, otherwise the work is scheduled already.

(2) ext4_flush_completed_IO is responsible for handling all pending
    end_io from ei->i_completed_io_list
    Flushing sequence consists of following stages:
    A) LOCKED: Atomically drain completed_io_list to local_list
    B) Perform extents conversion
    C) LOCKED: move converted io's to to_free list for final deletion
       	     This logic depends on context which we was called from.
    D) Final end_io context destruction
    NOTE1: i_mutex is no longer required because end_io->flags modification
    is protected by ei->ext4_complete_io_lock

Full list of changes:
- Move all completion end_io related routines to page-io.c in order to improve
  logic locality
- Move open coded logic from various xx_end_xx routines to ext4_add_complete_io()
- remove EXT4_IO_END_FSYNC
- Improve SMP scalability by removing useless i_mutex which does not
  protect io->flags anymore.
- Reduce lock contention on i_completed_io_lock by optimizing list walk.
- Rename ext4_end_io_nolock to end4_end_io and make it static
- Check flush completion status to ext4_ext_punch_hole(). Because it is
  not good idea to punch blocks from corrupted inode.

Changes since V3 (in request to Jan's comments):
  Fall back to active flush_completed_IO() approach in order to prevent
  performance issues with nolocked DIO reads.
Changes since V2:
  Fix use-after-free caused by race truncate vs end_io_work

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>