pcm_lib.c

/*
 *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
 *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
 *                   Abramo Bagnara <abramo@alsa-project.org>
 *
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
 *
 */

#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/control.h>
#include <sound/tlv.h>
#include <sound/info.h>
#include <sound/pcm.h>
#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
#include <sound/timer.h>

#include "pcm_local.h"

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include "pcm_trace.h"
#else
#define trace_hwptr(substream, pos, in_interrupt)
#define trace_xrun(substream)
#define trace_hw_ptr_error(substream, reason)
#endif

/*
 * fill ring buffer with silence
 * runtime->silence_start: starting pointer to silence area
 * runtime->silence_filled: size filled with silence
 * runtime->silence_threshold: threshold from application
 * runtime->silence_size: maximal size from application
 *
 * when runtime->silence_size >= runtime->boundary - fill processed area with silence immediately
 */
void snd_pcm_playback_silence(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, snd_pcm_uframes_t new_hw_ptr)
{
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	snd_pcm_uframes_t frames, ofs, transfer;

	if (runtime->silence_size < runtime->boundary) {
		snd_pcm_sframes_t noise_dist, n;
		if (runtime->silence_start != runtime->control->appl_ptr) {
			n = runtime->control->appl_ptr - runtime->silence_start;
			if (n < 0)
				n += runtime->boundary;
			if ((snd_pcm_uframes_t)n < runtime->silence_filled)
				runtime->silence_filled -= n;
			else
				runtime->silence_filled = 0;
			runtime->silence_start = runtime->control->appl_ptr;
		}
		if (runtime->silence_filled >= runtime->buffer_size)
			return;
		noise_dist = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime) + runtime->silence_filled;
		if (noise_dist >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t) runtime->silence_threshold)
			return;
		frames = runtime->silence_threshold - noise_dist;
		if (frames > runtime->silence_size)
			frames = runtime->silence_size;
	} else {
		if (new_hw_ptr == ULONG_MAX) {	/* initialization */
			snd_pcm_sframes_t avail = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime);
			if (avail > runtime->buffer_size)
				avail = runtime->buffer_size;
			runtime->silence_filled = avail > 0 ? avail : 0;
			runtime->silence_start = (runtime->status->hw_ptr +
						  runtime->silence_filled) %
						 runtime->boundary;
		} else {
			ofs = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
			frames = new_hw_ptr - ofs;
			if ((snd_pcm_sframes_t)frames < 0)
				frames += runtime->boundary;
			runtime->silence_filled -= frames;
			if ((snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->silence_filled < 0) {
				runtime->silence_filled = 0;
				runtime->silence_start = new_hw_ptr;
			} else {
				runtime->silence_start = ofs;
			}
		}
		frames = runtime->buffer_size - runtime->silence_filled;
	}
	if (snd_BUG_ON(frames > runtime->buffer_size))
		return;
	if (frames == 0)
		return;
	ofs = runtime->silence_start % runtime->buffer_size;
	while (frames > 0) {
		transfer = ofs + frames > runtime->buffer_size ? runtime->buffer_size - ofs : frames;
		if (runtime->access == SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED ||
		    runtime->access == SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED) {
			if (substream->ops->silence) {
				int err;
				err = substream->ops->silence(substream, -1, ofs, transfer);
				snd_BUG_ON(err < 0);
			} else {
				char *hwbuf = runtime->dma_area + frames_to_bytes(runtime, ofs);
				snd_pcm_format_set_silence(runtime->format, hwbuf, transfer * runtime->channels);
			}
		} else {
			unsigned int c;
			unsigned int channels = runtime->channels;
			if (substream->ops->silence) {
				for (c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
					int err;
					err = substream->ops->silence(substream, c, ofs, transfer);
					snd_BUG_ON(err < 0);
				}
			} else {
				size_t dma_csize = runtime->dma_bytes / channels;
				for (c = 0; c < channels; ++c) {
					char *hwbuf = runtime->dma_area + (c * dma_csize) + samples_to_bytes(runtime, ofs);
					snd_pcm_format_set_silence(runtime->format, hwbuf, transfer);
				}
			}
		}
		runtime->silence_filled += transfer;
		frames -= transfer;
		ofs = 0;
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_DEBUG
void snd_pcm_debug_name(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
			   char *name, size_t len)
{
	snprintf(name, len, "pcmC%dD%d%c:%d",
		 substream->pcm->card->number,
		 substream->pcm->device,
		 substream->stream ? 'c' : 'p',
		 substream->number);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_debug_name);
#endif

#define XRUN_DEBUG_BASIC	(1<<0)
#define XRUN_DEBUG_STACK	(1<<1)	/* dump also stack */
#define XRUN_DEBUG_JIFFIESCHECK	(1<<2)	/* do jiffies check */

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG

#define xrun_debug(substream, mask) \
			((substream)->pstr->xrun_debug & (mask))
#else
#define xrun_debug(substream, mask)	0
#endif

#define dump_stack_on_xrun(substream) do {			\
		if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_STACK))	\
			dump_stack();				\
	} while (0)

static void xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

	trace_xrun(substream);
	if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE)
		snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, (struct timespec *)&runtime->status->tstamp);
	snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
	if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_BASIC)) {
		char name[16];
		snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
		pcm_warn(substream->pcm, "XRUN: %s\n", name);
		dump_stack_on_xrun(substream);
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
#define hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, reason, fmt, args...)	\
	do {								\
		trace_hw_ptr_error(substream, reason);	\
		if (xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_BASIC)) {		\
			pr_err_ratelimited("ALSA: PCM: [%c] " reason ": " fmt, \
					   (in_interrupt) ? 'Q' : 'P', ##args);	\
			dump_stack_on_xrun(substream);			\
		}							\
	} while (0)

#else /* ! CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG */

#define hw_ptr_error(substream, fmt, args...) do { } while (0)

#endif

int snd_pcm_update_state(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
			 struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
{
	snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;

	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
		avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
	else
		avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
	if (avail > runtime->avail_max)
		runtime->avail_max = avail;
	if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
		if (avail >= runtime->buffer_size) {
			snd_pcm_drain_done(substream);
			return -EPIPE;
		}
	} else {
		if (avail >= runtime->stop_threshold) {
			xrun(substream);
			return -EPIPE;
		}
	}
	if (runtime->twake) {
		if (avail >= runtime->twake)
			wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
	} else if (avail >= runtime->control->avail_min)
		wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
	return 0;
}

static void update_audio_tstamp(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				struct timespec *curr_tstamp,
				struct timespec *audio_tstamp)
{
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	u64 audio_frames, audio_nsecs;
	struct timespec driver_tstamp;

	if (runtime->tstamp_mode != SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE)
		return;

	if (!(substream->ops->get_time_info) ||
		(runtime->audio_tstamp_report.actual_type ==
			SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_DEFAULT)) {

		/*
		 * provide audio timestamp derived from pointer position
		 * add delay only if requested
		 */

		audio_frames = runtime->hw_ptr_wrap + runtime->status->hw_ptr;

		if (runtime->audio_tstamp_config.report_delay) {
			if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
				audio_frames -=  runtime->delay;
			else
				audio_frames +=  runtime->delay;
		}
		audio_nsecs = div_u64(audio_frames * 1000000000LL,
				runtime->rate);
		*audio_tstamp = ns_to_timespec(audio_nsecs);
	}
	runtime->status->audio_tstamp = *audio_tstamp;
	runtime->status->tstamp = *curr_tstamp;

	/*
	 * re-take a driver timestamp to let apps detect if the reference tstamp
	 * read by low-level hardware was provided with a delay
	 */
	snd_pcm_gettime(substream->runtime, (struct timespec *)&driver_tstamp);
	runtime->driver_tstamp = driver_tstamp;
}

static int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
				  unsigned int in_interrupt)
{
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	snd_pcm_uframes_t pos;
	snd_pcm_uframes_t old_hw_ptr, new_hw_ptr, hw_base;
	snd_pcm_sframes_t hdelta, delta;
	unsigned long jdelta;
	unsigned long curr_jiffies;
	struct timespec curr_tstamp;
	struct timespec audio_tstamp;
	int crossed_boundary = 0;

	old_hw_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;

	/*
	 * group pointer, time and jiffies reads to allow for more
	 * accurate correlations/corrections.
	 * The values are stored at the end of this routine after
	 * corrections for hw_ptr position
	 */
	pos = substream->ops->pointer(substream);
	curr_jiffies = jiffies;
	if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) {
		if ((substream->ops->get_time_info) &&
			(runtime->audio_tstamp_config.type_requested != SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_DEFAULT)) {
			substream->ops->get_time_info(substream, &curr_tstamp,
						&audio_tstamp,
						&runtime->audio_tstamp_config,
						&runtime->audio_tstamp_report);

			/* re-test in case tstamp type is not supported in hardware and was demoted to DEFAULT */
			if (runtime->audio_tstamp_report.actual_type == SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_DEFAULT)
				snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, (struct timespec *)&curr_tstamp);
		} else
			snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, (struct timespec *)&curr_tstamp);
	}

	if (pos == SNDRV_PCM_POS_XRUN) {
		xrun(substream);
		return -EPIPE;
	}
	if (pos >= runtime->buffer_size) {
		if (printk_ratelimit()) {
			char name[16];
			snd_pcm_debug_name(substream, name, sizeof(name));
			pcm_err(substream->pcm,
				"invalid position: %s, pos = %ld, buffer size = %ld, period size = %ld\n",
				name, pos, runtime->buffer_size,
				runtime->period_size);
		}
		pos = 0;
	}
	pos -= pos % runtime->min_align;
	trace_hwptr(substream, pos, in_interrupt);
	hw_base = runtime->hw_ptr_base;
	new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
	if (in_interrupt) {
		/* we know that one period was processed */
		/* delta = "expected next hw_ptr" for in_interrupt != 0 */
		delta = runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt + runtime->period_size;
		if (delta > new_hw_ptr) {
			/* check for double acknowledged interrupts */
			hdelta = curr_jiffies - runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies;
			if (hdelta > runtime->hw_ptr_buffer_jiffies/2 + 1) {
				hw_base += runtime->buffer_size;
				if (hw_base >= runtime->boundary) {
					hw_base = 0;
					crossed_boundary++;
				}
				new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
				goto __delta;
			}
		}
	}
	/* new_hw_ptr might be lower than old_hw_ptr in case when */
	/* pointer crosses the end of the ring buffer */
	if (new_hw_ptr < old_hw_ptr) {
		hw_base += runtime->buffer_size;
		if (hw_base >= runtime->boundary) {
			hw_base = 0;
			crossed_boundary++;
		}
		new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
	}
      __delta:
	delta = new_hw_ptr - old_hw_ptr;
	if (delta < 0)
		delta += runtime->boundary;

	if (runtime->no_period_wakeup) {
		snd_pcm_sframes_t xrun_threshold;
		/*
		 * Without regular period interrupts, we have to check
		 * the elapsed time to detect xruns.
		 */
		jdelta = curr_jiffies - runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies;
		if (jdelta < runtime->hw_ptr_buffer_jiffies / 2)
			goto no_delta_check;
		hdelta = jdelta - delta * HZ / runtime->rate;
		xrun_threshold = runtime->hw_ptr_buffer_jiffies / 2 + 1;
		while (hdelta > xrun_threshold) {
			delta += runtime->buffer_size;
			hw_base += runtime->buffer_size;
			if (hw_base >= runtime->boundary) {
				hw_base = 0;
				crossed_boundary++;
			}
			new_hw_ptr = hw_base + pos;
			hdelta -= runtime->hw_ptr_buffer_jiffies;
		}
		goto no_delta_check;
	}

	/* something must be really wrong */
	if (delta >= runtime->buffer_size + runtime->period_size) {
		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, "Unexpected hw_ptr",
			     "(stream=%i, pos=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
			     substream->stream, (long)pos,
			     (long)new_hw_ptr, (long)old_hw_ptr);
		return 0;
	}

	/* Do jiffies check only in xrun_debug mode */
	if (!xrun_debug(substream, XRUN_DEBUG_JIFFIESCHECK))
		goto no_jiffies_check;

	/* Skip the jiffies check for hardwares with BATCH flag.
	 * Such hardware usually just increases the position at each IRQ,
	 * thus it can't give any strange position.
	 */
	if (runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH)
		goto no_jiffies_check;
	hdelta = delta;
	if (hdelta < runtime->delay)
		goto no_jiffies_check;
	hdelta -= runtime->delay;
	jdelta = curr_jiffies - runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies;
	if (((hdelta * HZ) / runtime->rate) > jdelta + HZ/100) {
		delta = jdelta /
			(((runtime->period_size * HZ) / runtime->rate)
								+ HZ/100);
		/* move new_hw_ptr according jiffies not pos variable */
		new_hw_ptr = old_hw_ptr;
		hw_base = delta;
		/* use loop to avoid checks for delta overflows */
		/* the delta value is small or zero in most cases */
		while (delta > 0) {
			new_hw_ptr += runtime->period_size;
			if (new_hw_ptr >= runtime->boundary) {
				new_hw_ptr -= runtime->boundary;
				crossed_boundary--;
			}
			delta--;
		}
		/* align hw_base to buffer_size */
		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt, "hw_ptr skipping",
			     "(pos=%ld, delta=%ld, period=%ld, jdelta=%lu/%lu/%lu, hw_ptr=%ld/%ld)\n",
			     (long)pos, (long)hdelta,
			     (long)runtime->period_size, jdelta,
			     ((hdelta * HZ) / runtime->rate), hw_base,
			     (unsigned long)old_hw_ptr,
			     (unsigned long)new_hw_ptr);
		/* reset values to proper state */
		delta = 0;
		hw_base = new_hw_ptr - (new_hw_ptr % runtime->buffer_size);
	}
 no_jiffies_check:
	if (delta > runtime->period_size + runtime->period_size / 2) {
		hw_ptr_error(substream, in_interrupt,
			     "Lost interrupts?",
			     "(stream=%i, delta=%ld, new_hw_ptr=%ld, old_hw_ptr=%ld)\n",
			     substream->stream, (long)delta,
			     (long)new_hw_ptr,
			     (long)old_hw_ptr);
	}

 no_delta_check:
	if (runtime->status->hw_ptr == new_hw_ptr) {
		update_audio_tstamp(substream, &curr_tstamp, &audio_tstamp);
		return 0;
	}

	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
	    runtime->silence_size > 0)
		snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, new_hw_ptr);

	if (in_interrupt) {
		delta = new_hw_ptr - runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt;
		if (delta < 0)
			delta += runtime->boundary;
		delta -= (snd_pcm_uframes_t)delta % runtime->period_size;
		runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt += delta;
		if (runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt >= runtime->boundary)
			runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt -= runtime->boundary;
	}
	runtime->hw_ptr_base = hw_base;
	runtime->status->hw_ptr = new_hw_ptr;
	runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies = curr_jiffies;
	if (crossed_boundary) {
		snd_BUG_ON(crossed_boundary != 1);
		runtime->hw_ptr_wrap += runtime->boundary;
	}

	update_audio_tstamp(substream, &curr_tstamp, &audio_tstamp);

	return snd_pcm_update_state(substream, runtime);
}

/* CAUTION: call it with irq disabled */
int snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	return snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr0(substream, 0);
}

/**
 * snd_pcm_set_ops - set the PCM operators
 * @pcm: the pcm instance
 * @direction: stream direction, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_XXX
 * @ops: the operator table
 *
 * Sets the given PCM operators to the pcm instance.
 */
void snd_pcm_set_ops(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int direction,
		     const struct snd_pcm_ops *ops)
{
	struct snd_pcm_str *stream = &pcm->streams[direction];
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
	
	for (substream = stream->substream; substream != NULL; substream = substream->next)
		substream->ops = ops;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_set_ops);

/**
 * snd_pcm_sync - set the PCM sync id
 * @substream: the pcm substream
 *
 * Sets the PCM sync identifier for the card.
 */
void snd_pcm_set_sync(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	
	runtime->sync.id32[0] = substream->pcm->card->number;
	runtime->sync.id32[1] = -1;
	runtime->sync.id32[2] = -1;
	runtime->sync.id32[3] = -1;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_set_sync);

/*
 *  Standard ioctl routine
 */

static inline unsigned int div32(unsigned int a, unsigned int b, 
				 unsigned int *r)
{
	if (b == 0) {
		*r = 0;
		return UINT_MAX;
	}
	*r = a % b;
	return a / b;
}

static inline unsigned int div_down(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
{
	if (b == 0)
		return UINT_MAX;
	return a / b;
}

static inline unsigned int div_up(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
{
	unsigned int r;
	unsigned int q;
	if (b == 0)
		return UINT_MAX;
	q = div32(a, b, &r);
	if (r)
		++q;
	return q;
}

static inline unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b)
{
	if (a == 0)
		return 0;
	if (div_down(UINT_MAX, a) < b)
		return UINT_MAX;
	return a * b;
}

static inline unsigned int muldiv32(unsigned int a, unsigned int b,
				    unsigned int c, unsigned int *r)
{
	u_int64_t n = (u_int64_t) a * b;
	if (c == 0) {
		snd_BUG_ON(!n);
		*r = 0;
		return UINT_MAX;
	}
	n = div_u64_rem(n, c, r);
	if (n >= UINT_MAX) {
		*r = 0;
		return UINT_MAX;
	}
	return n;
}

/**
 * snd_interval_refine - refine the interval value of configurator
 * @i: the interval value to refine
 * @v: the interval value to refer to
 *
 * Refines the interval value with the reference value.
 * The interval is changed to the range satisfying both intervals.
 * The interval status (min, max, integer, etc.) are evaluated.
 *
 * Return: Positive if the value is changed, zero if it's not changed, or a
 * negative error code.
 */
int snd_interval_refine(struct snd_interval *i, const struct snd_interval *v)
{
	int changed = 0;
	if (snd_BUG_ON(snd_interval_empty(i)))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (i->min < v->min) {
		i->min = v->min;
		i->openmin = v->openmin;
		changed = 1;
	} else if (i->min == v->min && !i->openmin && v->openmin) {
		i->openmin = 1;
		changed = 1;
	}
	if (i->max > v->max) {
		i->max = v->max;
		i->openmax = v->openmax;
		changed = 1;
	} else if (i->max == v->max && !i->openmax && v->openmax) {
		i->openmax = 1;
		changed = 1;
	}
	if (!i->integer && v->integer) {
		i->integer = 1;
		changed = 1;
	}
	if (i->integer) {
		if (i->openmin) {
			i->min++;
			i->openmin = 0;
		}
		if (i->openmax) {
			i->max--;
			i->openmax = 0;
		}
	} else if (!i->openmin && !i->openmax && i->min == i->max)
		i->integer = 1;
	if (snd_interval_checkempty(i)) {
		snd_interval_none(i);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	return changed;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_interval_refine);

static int snd_interval_refine_first(struct snd_interval *i)
{
	if (snd_BUG_ON(snd_interval_empty(i)))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (snd_interval_single(i))
		return 0;
	i->max = i->min;
	i->openmax = i->openmin;
	if (i->openmax)
		i->max++;
	return 1;
}

static int snd_interval_refine_last(struct snd_interval *i)
{
	if (snd_BUG_ON(snd_interval_empty(i)))
		return -EINVAL;
	if (snd_interval_single(i))
		return 0;
	i->min = i->max;
	i->openmin = i->openmax;
	if (i->openmin)
		i->min--;
	return 1;
}

void snd_interval_mul(const struct snd_interval *a, const struct snd_interval *b, struct snd_interval *c)
{
	if (a->empty || b->empty) {
		snd_interval_none(c);
		return;
	}
	c->empty = 0;
	c->min = mul(a->min, b->min);
	c->openmin = (a->openmin || b->openmin);
	c->max = mul(a->max,  b->max);
	c->openmax = (a->openmax || b->openmax);
	c->integer = (a->integer && b->integer);
}

/**
 * snd_interval_div - refine the interval value with division
 * @a: dividend
 * @b: divisor
 * @c: quotient
 *
 * c = a / b
 *
 * Returns non-zero if the value is changed, zero if not changed.
 */
void snd_interval_div(const struct snd_interval *a, const struct snd_interval *b, struct snd_interval *c)
{
	unsigned int r;
	if (a->empty || b->empty) {
		snd_interval_none(c);
		return;
	}
	c->empty = 0;
	c->min = div32(a->min, b->max, &r);
	c->openmin = (r || a->openmin || b->openmax);
	if (b->min > 0) {
		c->max = div32(a->max, b->min, &r);
		if (r) {
			c->max++;
			c->openmax = 1;
		} else
			c->openmax = (a->openmax || b->openmin);
	} else {
		c->max = UINT_MAX;
		c->openmax = 0;
	}
	c->integer = 0;
}

/**
 * snd_interval_muldivk - refine the interval value
 * @a: dividend 1
 * @b: dividend 2
 * @k: divisor (as integer)
 * @c: result
  *
 * c = a * b / k
 *
 * Returns non-zero if the value is changed, zero if not changed.
 */
void snd_interval_muldivk(const struct snd_interval *a, const struct snd_interval *b,
		      unsigned int k, struct snd_interval *c)
{
	unsigned int r;
	if (a->empty || b->empty) {
		snd_interval_none(c);
		return;
	}
	c->empty = 0;
	c->min = muldiv32(a->min, b->min, k, &r);
	c->openmin = (r || a->openmin || b->openmin);
	c->max = muldiv32(a->max, b->max, k, &r);
	if (r) {
		c->max++;
		c->openmax = 1;
	} else
		c->openmax = (a->openmax || b->openmax);
	c->integer = 0;
}

/**
 * snd_interval_mulkdiv - refine the interval value
 * @a: dividend 1
 * @k: dividend 2 (as integer)
 * @b: divisor
 * @c: result
 *
 * c = a * k / b
 *
 * Returns non-zero if the value is changed, zero if not changed.
 */
void snd_interval_mulkdiv(const struct snd_interval *a, unsigned int k,
		      const struct snd_interval *b, struct snd_interval *c)
{
	unsigned int r;
	if (a->empty || b->empty) {
		snd_interval_none(c);
		return;
	}
	c->empty = 0;
	c->min = muldiv32(a->min, k, b->max, &r);
	c->openmin = (r || a->openmin || b->openmax);
	if (b->min > 0) {
		c->max = muldiv32(a->max, k, b->min, &r);
		if (r) {
			c->max++;
			c->openmax = 1;
		} else
			c->openmax = (a->openmax || b->openmin);
	} else {
		c->max = UINT_MAX;
		c->openmax = 0;
	}
	c->integer = 0;
}

/* ---- */


/**
 * snd_interval_ratnum - refine the interval value
 * @i: interval to refine
 * @rats_count: number of ratnum_t 
 * @rats: ratnum_t array
 * @nump: pointer to store the resultant numerator
 * @denp: pointer to store the resultant denominator
 *
 * Return: Positive if the value is changed, zero if it's not changed, or a
 * negative error code.
 */
int snd_interval_ratnum(struct snd_interval *i,
			unsigned int rats_count, const struct snd_ratnum *rats,
			unsigned int *nump, unsigned int *denp)
{
	unsigned int best_num, best_den;
	int best_diff;
	unsigned int k;
	struct snd_interval t;
	int err;
	unsigned int result_num, result_den;
	int result_diff;

	best_num = best_den = best_diff = 0;
	for (k = 0; k < rats_count; ++k) {
		unsigned int num = rats[k].num;
		unsigned int den;
		unsigned int q = i->min;
		int diff;
		if (q == 0)
			q = 1;
		den = div_up(num, q);
		if (den < rats[k].den_min)
			continue;
		if (den > rats[k].den_max)
			den = rats[k].den_max;
		else {
			unsigned int r;
			r = (den - rats[k].den_min) % rats[k].den_step;
			if (r != 0)
				den -= r;
		}
		diff = num - q * den;
		if (diff < 0)
			diff = -diff;
		if (best_num == 0 ||
		    diff * best_den < best_diff * den) {
			best_diff = diff;
			best_den = den;
			best_num = num;
		}
	}
	if (best_den == 0) {
		i->empty = 1;
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	t.min = div_down(best_num, best_den);
	t.openmin = !!(best_num % best_den);
	
	result_num = best_num;
	result_diff = best_diff;
	result_den = best_den;
	best_num = best_den = best_diff = 0;
	for (k = 0; k < rats_count; ++k) {
		unsigned int num = rats[k].num;
		unsigned int den;
		unsigned int q = i->max;
		int diff;
		if (q == 0) {
			i->empty = 1;
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		den = div_down(num, q);
		if (den > rats[k].den_max)
			continue;
		if (den < rats[k].den_min)
			den = rats[k].den_min;
		else {
			unsigned int r;
			r = (den - rats[k].den_min) % rats[k].den_step;
			if (r != 0)
				den += rats[k].den_step - r;
		}
		diff = q * den - num;
		if (diff < 0)
			diff = -diff;
		if (best_num == 0 ||
		    diff * best_den < best_diff * den) {
			best_diff = diff;
			best_den = den;
			best_num = num;
		}
	}
	if (best_den == 0) {
		i->empty = 1;
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	t.max = div_up(best_num, best_den);
	t.openmax = !!(best_num % best_den);
	t.integer = 0;
	err = snd_interval_refine(i, &t);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	if (snd_interval_single(i)) {
		if (best_diff * result_den < result_diff * best_den) {
			result_num = best_num;
			result_den = best_den;
		}
		if (nump)
			*nump = result_num;
		if (denp)
			*denp = result_den;
	}
	return err;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_interval_ratnum);

/**
 * snd_interval_ratden - refine the interval value
 * @i: interval to refine
 * @rats_count: number of struct ratden
 * @rats: struct ratden array
 * @nump: pointer to store the resultant numerator
 * @denp: pointer to store the resultant denominator
 *
 * Return: Positive if the value is changed, zero if it's not changed, or a
 * negative error code.
 */
static int snd_interval_ratden(struct snd_interval *i,
			       unsigned int rats_count,
			       const struct snd_ratden *rats,
			       unsigned int *nump, unsigned int *denp)
{
	unsigned int best_num, best_diff, best_den;
	unsigned int k;
	struct snd_interval t;
	int err;

	best_num = best_den = best_diff = 0;
	for (k = 0; k < rats_count; ++k) {
		unsigned int num;
		unsigned int den = rats[k].den;
		unsigned int q = i->min;
		int diff;
		num = mul(q, den);
		if (num > rats[k].num_max)
			continue;
		if (num < rats[k].num_min)
			num = rats[k].num_max;
		else {
			unsigned int r;
			r = (num - rats[k].num_min) % rats[k].num_step;
			if (r != 0)
				num += rats[k].num_step - r;
		}
		diff = num - q * den;
		if (best_num == 0 ||
		    diff * best_den < best_diff * den) {
			best_diff = diff;
			best_den = den;
			best_num = num;
		}
	}
	if (best_den == 0) {
		i->empty = 1;
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	t.min = div_down(best_num, best_den);
	t.openmin = !!(best_num % best_den);
	
	best_num = best_den = best_diff = 0;
	for (k = 0; k < rats_count; ++k) {
		unsigned int num;
		unsigned int den = rats[k].den;
		unsigned int q = i->max;
		int diff;
		num = mul(q, den);
		if (num < rats[k].num_min)
			continue;
		if (num > rats[k].num_max)
			num = rats[k].num_max;
		else {
			unsigned int r;
			r = (num - rats[k].num_min) % rats[k].num_step;
			if (r != 0)
				num -= r;
		}
		diff = q * den - num;
		if (best_num == 0 ||
		    diff * best_den < best_diff * den) {
			best_diff = diff;
			best_den = den;
			best_num = num;
		}
	}
	if (best_den == 0) {
		i->empty = 1;
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	t.max = div_up(best_num, best_den);
	t.openmax = !!(best_num % best_den);
	t.integer = 0;
	err = snd_interval_refine(i, &t);
	if (err < 0)