Add check target to Makefile

Makefile:

• Move shellcheck commands from .gitlab-ci.yml.

.gitlab-ci.yml:

• Run make check.
• Prevent partial upgrades, i.e. use -Syu.
• Prevent reinstalling already installed packages by using pacman's --needed option.
• Don't force-download the package database.

.github/workflows/lint.yml:

• GitHub Actions workflow that runs make check.

.github/workflows/lint.yml

+# This is a basic workflow to help you get started with Actions
+
+name: CI
+
+# Controls when the action will run. Triggers the workflow on push or pull request
+# events but only for the master branch
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ '*' ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+# A workflow run is made up of one or more jobs that can run sequentially or in parallel
+jobs:
+  # This workflow contains a single job called "build"
+  lint:
+    # The type of runner that the job will run on
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    # Steps represent a sequence of tasks that will be executed as part of the job
+    steps:
+    # Checks-out your repository under $GITHUB_WORKSPACE, so your job can access it
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+    # Runs a single command using the runners shell
+    - name: shellcheck
+      run: make check